3300.me

// 現在形

I am 〜
// 一人称

He is 〜
She is 〜
It is 〜
// 三人称単数

You are 〜
We are 〜
They are 〜
// 二人称・三人称複数

---

// 否定の現在形

I am not 〜
// 一人称

He is not 〜
She is not 〜
It is not 〜
// 三人称単数
// is not = isn't

You are not 〜
We are not 〜
They are not 〜
// 二人称・三人称複数
// are not = aren't

---

// 過去形

I was 〜
// 一人称

He was 〜
She was 〜
It was 〜
// 三人称単数

You were 〜
We were 〜
They were 〜
// 二人称・三人称複数

---

// 否定の過去形

I was not 〜
// 一人称

He was not 〜
She was not 〜
It was not 〜
// 三人称単数
// was not = wasn't

You were not 〜
We were not 〜
They were not 〜
// 二人称・三人称複数
// were not = weren't

---

// 疑問形

主語の前にbe動詞(+not)がくる

// 現在形

I like 〜
You like 〜
We like 〜
They like 〜
// 一人称・二人称・三人称複数

He likes 〜
She likes 〜
It likes 〜
// 三人称単数
// likeの場合はこの形

---

// 否定の現在形

I do not like 〜
You do not like 〜
We do not like 〜
They do not like 〜
// 一人称・二人称・三人称複数
// do not = don't

He does not like 〜
She does not like 〜
It does not like 〜
// 三人称単数ではdoesになる代わりに動詞は原型
// does not = doesn't

---

// 過去形

I liked 〜
You liked 〜
We liked 〜
They liked 〜
// 一人称・二人称・三人称複数

He liked 〜
She liked 〜
It liked 〜
// 三人称単数

// likeの場合はこの形

---

// 否定の過去系

I did not like 〜
You did not like 〜
We did not like 〜
They did not like 〜

He did not like 〜
She did not like 〜
It did not like 〜

// didになる代わりに動詞は原型

// did not = didn't

---

// 疑問形

主語の前に do/does/did(+not) がくる

// be going to 〜
// 決定された予定(〜します)

He is going to come tomorrow.
He is not going to come tomorrow.
Is he going to come tomorrow?
Is not he going to come tomorrow?

---

// will 〜
// 推量・予測(〜するでしょう)

He will come tomorrow.
He will not come tomorrow.
Will he come tomorrow?
Will not he come tomorrow?

// shall
// 提案(〜しましょうか？)

Shall we go?

---

// should
// 助言(〜すべき)

We should go.
We should not go.
Should we go?
Should not we go?

---

// may, might
// 推量(〜かもしれない)

We may go.
We may not go.

We might go.
We might not go.
// might は may より可能性が低い

// mayの疑問形
// 確認(〜してもいいですか？)

May we go?
May not we go?

// Can we go? のほうが使うかも

// 能力(〜することができる)
He can speak English.
He can not speak English.
He could speak English. // 過去形
He could not speak English.
Can he speak English?
Can not he speak English?

// 許可(〜してもよいですか？)
Can I speak English?

// 依頼(〜してくれますか？)
Can you speak English?
Could you speak English? // より丁寧

// have to
// 義務(〜しなければならない(外的要因))

We have to go.
We do not have to go.
He has to go. // 三人称単数
He does not have to go. // 三人称単数
We had to go. // 過去形
We did not have to go. // 過去形
Do we have to go? // 疑問形
Does he have to go? // 疑問形

---

// must
// 義務(〜しなければならない(自分の意思))

We must go.
We must not go.
He must go.
He must not go.
Must we go?
Must he go?

// mustは元々過去形の語で、原型のmusは使わなくなったらしい

---

// must
// 推量(〜にちがいない)

She must be sleepy.

// 主語の場合

He is here.
↓
Who is here?

She liked that.
↓
Who liked that?

// 主語の位置にWhoがくる

---

// 目的語の場合

He called to his friend.
↓
Did he call to his friend?
↓
Who did he call to?

// まず疑問文にしてその後 his friend を who に変えて文頭に移動
// 目的語は whom になるはずだがそれだと文語調になるので who にするらしい

// 主語の場合

It happened.
↓
What happened?

// 主語の位置にWhatがくる

---

// 目的語の場合 

This is a pen.
↓
Is this a pen?
↓
What is this?

// まず疑問文にしてその後 a pen を what に変えて文頭に移動

---

// what + (名詞)
// 何の〜

What time is it?
What kind of color do you like?

---

// what about + (名詞かing形の動詞)
// 質問・提案(〜はどう思いますか、〜するのはどうですか) 

What about you?
What about going to lunch?

// when

She will come tomorrow.
↓
Will she come tomorrow?
↓
When will she come?

// まず疑問文にしてその後 tomorrow を when に変えて文頭に移動

---

// where

The restaurant is behind this building.
↓
Is the restaurant behind this building?
↓
Where is the restaurant?

// まず疑問文にしてその後 behind this building を where に変えて文頭に移動

// how

He came by a bicycle.
↓
Did he come by a bicycle?
↓
How did he come?

// まず疑問文にしてその後 by bicycle を how に変えて文頭に移動

---

// how + 形容詞

She has three dolls.
↓
Does she have three dolls?
↓
How many dolls does she have?

// まず疑問文にしてその後、数を how many に変えて文頭に移動

// その他
// How much
// How long
// How old
// How often
// How far
// How tall
// How high
// How wide
// など

---

// how about + (名詞かing形の動詞)
// 質問・提案(〜はどう思いますか、〜するのはどうですか) 

How about that coffee shop?
How about going to lunch?

// why
// 質問(なぜ〜ですか？)

He goes to a station.
↓
Does he go to a station?
↓
Why does he go to a station? 

// まず疑問文にしてその後、文頭にwhyをつける

---

// why don't you 〜
// 提案(なぜ〜しないか？ -> 〜したらどうですか？)

You have lunch.
↓
You do not have lunch.
↓
Do not you have lunch?
↓
Why do not you have lunch?

// あなたはなぜ昼食をとらないのですか？
// ↓
// あなたは昼食をとったらどうですか？

// 形容詞 + 名詞

Can I drink water?
↓
Can I drink cold water?

This is a book.
↓
This is a new book.

---

// 動詞 + 形容詞

I am busy.
You look busy.

---

// many, much
// たくさんの〜

I have many pens.
I have much power.
// many + 可算名詞
// much + 不可算名詞

---

// some, any
// いくつか〜、いくらか〜

I have some pens.
I have any pens.

// some: 数が主(いくつかのペンを持っている)
// any: 種類が主(どのようなペンでも持っている)

// 動詞 + 副詞

I walked.
I walked slowly.
I slowly walked.
Slowly I walked.

---

// 頻度の副詞

He sleeps.
He sleeps always.
He always sleeps.
Always he sleeps.

// 他に usually,often,sometimes,never など

---

// 程度の副詞

He isn't late almost.
He isn't almost late.
He almost isn't late.
Almost he isn't late.

// 他に so,too,very,hardly など

---

// so, very, too
// 形容詞や前につく

She comes early.
She comes so early.
She comes very early.
She comes too early.

// so = そのように〜
// very = 非常に〜
// too = 過剰に〜

---

// much
// 動詞につく

I walked much.
I much walked.

// 主語＋be動詞＋過去分詞

He called to her.
↓
She was called to by him.

// He called to her. -> 彼は彼女を呼んだ
// She was called to by him. -> 彼女は彼に呼ばれた

// 時の前置詞

I was born in 1976.
I was born in September.
I was born in the morning.
I was born on Thursday.
I was born at 8:00.

---

// 位置の前置詞

I am in the room.
I am on the 2nd floor.
I am at a bus stop.

// 他に、next to, in front of, in back of, around, across など

// 主語 - 所有 - 目的語

I - my - me
we - our - us
you - your - you
he - his - him
she - her - her
they - their - them
it - its - it

---

// 単数 - 複数

this - these
that - those

// There + be動詞 + 主語
// 〜があります

There is a cup of coffee.
↓
Is there a cup of coffee?

I had coffee and I slept.  // そして〜

but  // しかし〜
because  // なぜならば〜
before  // 〜の前に
after  // 〜の後に
so  // それで〜
when  // 〜をしたとき
if  // もし〜

// 比較級
// 〜よりも
He is taller than me.


// 最上級
// 〜の中で一番
He is tallest in the class.

I like food for example egg.  // たとえば

after all  // 結局は
as a result  // 結果として
in general  // 一般的に
in fact  // 実は
in short  // つまり
so to speak  // いわば
to tell the truth  // 実を言うと